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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 78(1): 55-60, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36634068

RESUMO

Clinical hyperandrogenism is common in women. Nevertheless, it is important to identify the cause. As the hyperandrogenism may be ovarian or adrenal in origin, making the difference requires hormonal testing and ovarian and/or adrenal imaging. We present the case report of a patient explored in our clinic, that illustrates the difficulties to determine the origin of the endocrine disorder. The interest of employing selective ovarian and adrenal venous catheterization to aid in the diagnosis and the localization of the androgen-secreting tumor is discussed.


L'hyperandrogénie clinique est un motif de consultation fréquent. Le diagnostic différentiel permet d'établir l'étiologie parmi les causes ovariennes ou surrénaliennes. Outre le repérage de signes pathognomoniques cliniques, des examens complémentaires biologiques et iconographiques sont nécessaires pour la mise au point. Les difficultés diagnostiques sont illustrées à partir d'un cas clinique traité dans notre institution. L'intérêt du bilan hormonal étagé par cathétérisation des veines ovariennes et surrénaliennes afin de localiser l'origine de la sécrétion hormonale pathologique est discuté.


Assuntos
Hiperandrogenismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperandrogenismo/diagnóstico , Hiperandrogenismo/etiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/complicações , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Androgênios
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(12): 890-895, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34881834

RESUMO

HAIR-AN, a syndrome associating hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans, is currently considered as a severe form of polycystic ovary syndrome. The physiopathology of this syndrome relies on the insulin resistance which is the basis of a vicious circle : the resulting hyperinsulinism leads to an excessive production of androgens. The latter increases abdominal fat deposition which in turn worsens the insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinism is also responsible for the acanthosis nigricans by stimulating the IGF-1 receptors on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Hyperandrogenism is clinically translated into hirsutism that can be severe. Frequently, menstrual irregularity and obesity are part of the syndrome. HAIR-AN syndrome begins soon after puberty and is currently under-diagnosed. Treatment relies on an improvement in insulin-resistance by a loss of body weight and the use of insulin sensitizers. Moreover, anti-androgenic drugs will help improving hirsutism. Although more invasive, bariatric surgery has shown a great efficacy in this syndrome : by permitting a substantial loss of weight, it often normalizes insulin-sensitivity, allowing for improvements in hyperandrogenism and acanthosis nigricans.


Considéré comme une forme sévère du syndrome des ovaires micropolykystiques, le syndrome de HAIR-AN associe une hyperandrogénie, une résistance à l'insuline et un acanthosis nigricans. La base physiopathologique du syndrome HAIR-AN est un cercle vicieux ayant pour point de départ la résistance à l'insuline : l'hyperinsulinisme qui en résulte entraîne une production excessive d'androgènes. Ces derniers, en aggravant le dépôt de graisse abdominale, majorent la résistance à l'insuline. Il s'agit donc d'un phénomène auto-entretenu. En stimulant le récepteur à l'IGF-1 des kératinocytes et des fibroblastes, l'hyperinsulinisme est également responsable de l'acanthosis nigricans. L'hyperandrogénie se traduit cliniquement par un hirsutisme pouvant être sévère. On notera fréquemment aussi une irrégularité menstruelle et une obésité. Le syndrome HAIR-AN débute tôt après la puberté et est actuellement sous-diagnostiqué. Le traitement est, avant tout, celui de la résistance à l'insuline et nécessite donc une perte de poids associée à l'utilisation de molécules insulino-sensibilisatrices. De plus, des traitements hormonaux anti-androgéniques aideront également à diminuer le hirsutisme. Plus invasive, la chirurgie bariatrique a cependant démontré une grande efficacité chez ces patientes : en permettant une perte de poids conséquente, elle normalise souvent la sensibilité à l'insuline, ce qui améliore significativement l'hyperandrogénie et l'acanthosis nigricans.


Assuntos
Acantose Nigricans , Hiperandrogenismo , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Acantose Nigricans/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(9): 604-612, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32909413

RESUMO

The polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. The first signs and symptoms of the disease may be present as early as puberty. Diagnostic criteria include hyperandrogenism (clinical or biological), ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. The consequences of the syndrome are multiple. These consist of fertility issues and metabolic anomalies with increased cardiovascular risk, but also sleep disturbances, increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer and a potentially important psychological impact with decreased quality of life. The management of polycystic ovary syndrome is multidisciplinary and treatment is variable, depending on symptoms and the patient's desire for fertility. In all cases, measures aiming to improve the metabolic dysfunction are essential, going from adopting a healthy lifestyle to adequate therapy of each metabolic anomaly.


Le syndrome des ovaires micropolykystiques est une des endocrinopathies les plus fréquentes de la femme en âge de reproduction. Les premiers signes et symptômes peuvent se manifester dès la puberté. Les critères de diagnostic reposent sur une hyperandrogénie (clinique ou biologique), une anovulation chronique et un aspect d'ovaires micropolykystiques à l'échographie. Les conséquences du syndrome sont multiples, essentiellement concernant les troubles de la fertilité et les perturbations métaboliques avec un risque cardio-vasculaire augmenté, mais également des anomalies du sommeil, un risque augmenté d'hyperplasie endométriale et de cancer endométrial et un impact psychologique parfois important avec diminution de la qualité de vie. La prise en charge est multi-disciplinaire et le traitement variable, en fonction des symptômes et des souhaits de fertilité de la patiente. Dans tous les cas, une prise en charge métabolique, avec une hygiène de vie saine et des traitements visant les perturbations métaboliques individuelles, est essentielle.


Assuntos
Hiperandrogenismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Feminino , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(12): 642-649, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31833274

RESUMO

Immune checkpoints inhibitors have fundamentally changed the management of oncologic patients. These treatments consist of monoclonal antibodies directed against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and PD-L1 (one of its ligands). By blocking these receptors or ligands, the antibodies reverse the immune tolerance induced by the cancerous cell on the T-lymphocyte and favour lymphocytic reactivation and anti-tumor activity. Immune tolerance to auto-antigens is maintained with the help of these checkpoints. Targeting them can lead to auto-immune side effects. These latter mostly impact the cutaneous and digestive system, but the endocrine glands are not spared. In this article, we provide monitoring and treatment algorithms for these endocrine immune side effects. An early diagnosis followed by the appropriate treatment would reduce their negative impact on the oncologic care.


Les inhibiteurs des checkpoints immunitaires ont considérablement changé la prise en charge des cancers. Ces thérapeutiques sont actuellement représentées par les anticorps monoclonaux anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) et anti-PD-L1 (un de ses ligands). En bloquant ces récepteurs ou ligands, les anticorps contrecarrent le freinage immunitaire instauré par la cellule cancéreuse sur le lymphocyte T et favorisent, alors, la réactivation du lymphocyte et son activité anti-tumorale. Ces checkpoints sont essentiels dans le maintien de la tolérance immune aux auto-antigènes. En les ciblant, des effets secondaires de type auto-immun peuvent apparaître. S'ils privilégient principalement le système cutané et digestif, les glandes endocrines n'en sont néanmoins pas oubliées. Dans cet article, nous suggérons des algorithmes de surveillance et de prise en charge de ces manifestations indésirables endocriniennes. Le diagnostic précoce de celles-ci et leur traitement adéquat permettraient de réduire leur impact négatif sur la prise en charge de la maladie cancéreuse.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Sistema Endócrino , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias , Algoritmos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Sistema Endócrino/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Eur J Endocrinol ; 176(3): 323-328, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28073906

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Both antitumor and antisecretory efficacies of dopamine agonists (DA) make them the first-line treatment of macroprolactinomas. However, there is no guideline for MRI follow-up once prolactin is controlled. The aim of our study was to determine whether a regular MRI follow-up was necessary in patients with long-term normal prolactin levels under DA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study (Marseille, Paris La Pitie Salpetriere and Nancy, France; Liege, Belgium) including patients with macroprolactinomas (largest diameter: >10 mm and baseline prolactin level: >100 ng/mL) treated by dopamine agonists, and regularly followed (pituitary MRI and prolactin levels) during at least 48 months once normal prolactin level was obtained. RESULTS: In total, 115 patients were included (63 men and 52 women; mean age at diagnosis: 36.3 years). Mean baseline prolactin level was 2224 ± 6839 ng/mL. No significant increase of tumor volume was observed during the follow-up. Of the 21 patients (18%) who presented asymptomatic hemorrhagic changes of the macroprolactinoma on MRI, 2 had a tumor increase (2 and 7 mm in the largest size). Both were treated by cabergoline (1 mg/week) with normal prolactin levels obtained for 6 and 24 months. For both patients, no further growth was observed on MRI during follow-up at the same dose of cabergoline. CONCLUSION: No significant increase of tumor size was observed in our patients with controlled prolactin levels on DA. MRI follow-up thus appears unnecessary in patients with biologically controlled macroprolactinomas.


Assuntos
Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Prolactina/sangue , Prolactinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Aminoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Bélgica , Bromocriptina/uso terapêutico , Cabergolina , Ergolinas/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , França , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/sangue , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Prolactinoma/sangue , Prolactinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos
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